Formula Renderer Basics

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syntax highlighting

• Numbers are blue, in plain font.
• Letters not belonging to keywords are italicized.
• Operators are red.
• There are two kinds of minus sign: operator and numeric.
• Comparisons are aligned (equals, not equals, and so on)

 

x=1 17=2x+3(y+z) -4-7ab>=20

multiplication

 

a*b

you can also use the usual 'x' as a times sign, by saying 'times'

 

3 times 4=12

division

 

a/b  (x/y)=|c/d|  1/2/3/4< =x^y/z

you can also use the 'divided by' sign by typing 'div'

 

12 div 3=4

exponents

 

x^2 a^b^c^d^e

commonly used precedence is respected (eg. exponentiation binds more tightly than addition). This may be overridden by using parentheses, (), which disappear in this case:

 

x^2+2 x^(2y+3)

To make the parentheses appear, double them.

 

x^((n-1))

subscripts

 

x_n x_(i+1) x_((i+1))

smaller

 

3& 1/2 x^2+3 & dy/dx

or as part of an exponent.

 

y^(& 1/2)

quotes

 

"let" a=1 "and" b=2pi

keywords

 

sin x cos x 3tan theta cot theta arcsin arccos arctan arccot sinh cosh tanh coth

 

sin^(2) x cos^(2) x log_(10) n = ln n/ln 10

symbols

Comparisons:

 

>= <= != ~= ==

Logic:

 

ergo and or not

set notation:

 

subset superset varsubset varsuperset notsubset null

 

element invelement notelement  intersection union

Miscellaneous symbols:

 

plusminus degrees infinity infty oplus otimes base  div times

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Quantifiers

forall x x^2>=0 thereis x x^2<0 forall epsilon>0

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Greek Letters

A full complement of the Greek alphabet is available by simply typing the letter name:
 

 

alpha beta gamma delta epsilon zeta eta theta iota kappa lambda mu nu xi omicron pi rho sigma tau upsilon phi chi psi omega

Upper case is achieved by capitalizing the first letter of the name, as in TEX.
 

 

Alpha Beta Gamma Delta Epsilon Zeta Eta Theta Iota Kappa Lambda Mu Nu Xi Omicron Pi Rho Tau Upsilon Phi Chi Psi Omega

Several variant forms are also available.
 

 

vartheta varupsilon varphi varomega del

Sigma

The lower, then upper limits appear within parentheses, separated by a comma.

For example:

 

Sigma (i=0, infty) a_i

The arguments may be omitted, to just get the symbol:

 

Sigma (){x/1,x/2,x/3, ...}

roots

 

sqrt zeta sqrt sqrt sqrt sqrt sqrt sqrt sqrt null sqrt x=7

To override the default grouping, use parentheses:

 

sqrt n/3 sqrt (n)/3

to specify an inverse-exponent (the left-hand superscript), use the "root" macro. The base is superscript is separated from the operand by a comma.

 

root 3,x root & z/2,phi

grouping is similar to that for sqrt. You may use parentheses to end the macro:

 

root 12,2+x root (12,2)+x

to apply recursively, precise syntax is required.

 

root (root (root (root (w,x) ,y),z),psi)

integrals

 

integral x^2+2x+3

to specify endpoints, use 'intover' (INTegral OVER). You may use a comma or parentheses to delimit the macro:

 

intover 0,infty, 1/x  intover (a,b) sin^(2) theta cos^(2) theta

Many calculus texts employ a symbol to signify the difference over a particular domain. In this case, it is implemented using the vertical bar (|). "diffover" has the same syntax as "intover" above.

 

diffover a,b,f(x)=f(b)-f(a)